It's been a while since I have written a blog post for my own blog. As a Brazilian, I spent half opf my winter holidays enjoying the Football World Cup and the other half I was working for pleasure, form my home, writing posts and articles for teachers' sites and newsletters and , the best of all, presenting and attending presentations online in online conferences such as
RSCON2014,
TOBELTA and
#ITDIMOOC .
Amazing holidays , indeed, when I learned a lot form educators , friends and colleagues from all over the world and who are part of the best PLN on Earth. What a pleasure to watch them , share ideas , learn, discover and having them watching me too. Great!
Having said that, this blog post is the result of what I presented for TOBELTA , with a few more ideas that time prevented me to present.
Although I am a very talkative person, reading and writing are my favourite skills because I am very visual and emotional too. On the contrary, as a teacher and a leaner, I've noticed that reading and writing have been a burden for a lot students , mainly when learning a second language. In order to change this situation a bit and make my students have fun while reading a writing, I've tried my best to show enthusiasm ( one of the best skills for effective teaching) , create and learn activities from my PLN and colleagues to make my students make the most of their learning.
This post has to do with the use of literature in the EFL/ESL classroom and I aim to show how reading literature is an excellent way for students to make progress in English.
" The best way to improve your knowledge of a foreign language is to go and live among its speakers. The next better way is to read extensively in it."
( Nutell 1996)
Let's then define some basic concepts before we share ideas :
Reading : The activity of understanding written words ; it's perceiving a written text in order to understand written words.
Extensive reading : A way of language learning through reading : reading for pleasure.
Active reading : Refers to the assumption that reading is an active -meaning - building process
So is reading a passive skill? No! After all, when you read you assimilate information , follow instructions, perceive meaning , make inference and bring a number of emotions to an action , don't you?
Literature: According to Macmillan English Dictionary, literature consists of stories, poems and plays , especially those that are considered value as art and not just as entertainment.
Photo from
eltpics by @mkofab
Why should we use literature in the language classroom?
There are four many reasons:
1. Literature encourages interaction: Reading a book is like sharing your feelings with the author and characters. Sometimes it serves us as a mirror where we see some scenes of our lives, some of our dreams and experiences reflected there. Texts are often rich with multiple layers of meaning which allow us , the readers, to make inferences and different interpretations. Furthermore, in the classroom, literary texts can be effectively mined for discussions and the sharing of feelings and opinions.
2. Literature expands language awareness: Literary texts are, perhaps, the best standard of written language (usually high standard) we are exposed to. they have sophisticated or non-standard examples of language which will certainly raise students' awareness of the norms of language use ( Widdiwson, 1995). So it enriches our students' vocabulary acquisition and , consequently, will improve their speaking and writing skills.
3. Literature is authentic material: Literature produces language to fulfil some aspects of the society.It often exposes us to exciting plots, interesting characters and authentic dialogues to learn a language in context. It also allows students to examine values in literary texts and develop attitudes towards them. These values and attitudes relate to the world outside the classroom . which is of great benefit for the students' growth. Literature reflects different aspects of society in different cultures, and when those cultural doors are open, they have a deeper understanding of other countries, peoples, cultures and values.
4. Literature is motivating: As an avid reader and cinema fan, I have similar feelings when I read a book or watch a film. You just get into a new world, meet new people, get involved , picture scenes in your mind and your imagination simply flows. Literary texts are of high status in most cultures and countries. So they help students to feel real sense of achievement when they understand and interpret any piece of respectful literary text. In addition, literary texts are usually more interesting than those texts found on coursebooks.
In spite of all these benefits, the wrong approach to reading literature can make it a boring and frustrating endeavour. In order to change this scenario, let's reflect a little on extensive reading , mainly on the use of readers in the EFL classroom and how I integrate them to creative writing
Why Readers ?
So readers have graded language for : vocabulary, grammar complexity and number of words according to the students' level.
Why Extensive Graded Reading?
To make literature more accessible and enjoyable.
Because readers reach all levels of literate learners
Readers develop good reading habits as they encourage learners to take responsibility for their learning process once they develop good reading habits.
Reading can be easily done anywhere (it's not necessarily a classroom activity)
It incorporates a content- based approach to language learning and a lot of other benefits.
Creative Writing
"Creative writing is anything where the purpose is to express thoughts, feelings and emotions rather than simply convey information." ( Ali Hale)
Creative writing:
Involves fluency-based activities
Students can use their creative-thinking and language skills
It can also include discussions, simulations, communication games and/or also real life experiences
It can be expressed in many forms such as acrostics, haiku, poems, storytelling from a narrative and once you start writing you discover new and different ways to express yourself and it will never stop.
Creative writing combines handwriting and cognitive processes (mental behaviour) mainly associated with the memory integrating information from different sources and spontaneous thoughts and feelings.
But..
Writing has been reinvented
No! Don't panic! Everything we have learned and taught about writing matters a lot! Nothing is irrelevant. All we have done is important and value. It is just done differently now. but the basic concepts are there , even if taught differently. However, notebooks, notecards and other types of writing are now electronic
Handwriting is not to be despised , but we should recognise the benefits of electronic apps and web tools for collaborative writing, for example , that makes it easier for the students to work together than if it were to be done with pencil and paper. The picture below illustrates very clearly how writing has been reinvented:
A lesson plan
This lesson plan is about one of my favourite books " Of Mice and Men" . I was very lucky to have a very motivated upper intermediate group of students who engaged this project and worked beautifully on this moving and touching novel.
You can see the whole lesson plan including the students' production below on slideshare:
A bag with six ideas - More activities
Important : These activities were experienced and worked for my groups of students of different levels. Feel free to adapt them to your groups and make sure they'll fit your students's needs and learning styles.
Activity 1:
- The cover : Deliver different readers to groups of students and ask them to guess the story from the cover. Get some feedback from the students.
- If you have a screen (IWB) for example, display each cover with a very short summary of the plot. Don't forget to introduce the characters.
- Presenting vocabulary in context : Provide each group of students with sentences from the stories. These sentences should contain difficult or unusual words.
- SS could look up the meaning of words in their mobile devices or in a regular dictionary
- Set a date for the students to read the book and present the class projects that (preferably) should contain some of the following items:
- Information about the author
- The historical context when the story was written (cultural background )
- A film on the book ( if there's one)
- A song that reminds the plot or the film based on the book
- Their impression about the book.
- If they would recommend the book to other people or not. ( They should give reasons for their choices)
- A creative written summary about the book such as : Ghost stories and New Zealand both written by teenage students .
Activity 2:
1. Each student chooses a book from the school library ( in my school , a monolingual language institute, books are organised by level from starters to advanced)
2. They read the book and prepare a presentation
3. For each book there is a quiz for the other students to answer after the presentation so that it raises interest.
4. Students who get more correct words should be awarded with sweeties or any other treat.
Activity 3 :
Using comic strips : My favourite is
bitstrips. If the whole group is reading the same book , each group could choose a chapter that could be broken into chunks tp make a comic strip . Encourage students to be creative with the characters speeches. What they said or would say, etc. Provide students with the type of language they should use in the speech bubbles.
These electronic tool is great for projects . After reading the book and working on the language, students can create a video with Animoto using their drawings and/or photos, adding texts and music. The other students can write comments and ask questions. Animoto can also be used to make book trailers , click
here to check.
Voicethread is a totally web -based application that allows you to have conversations and to make comments around images using any mix of text, a microphone , a webcam , a telephone or upload audio file.
See
here an example of students narrating a story based on a book they've read after they have written the story with their own words.
Another way to have students writing creatively about the books they've read is asking them to write questions and interview the characters of the book. Students role-play interviews with the main characters ( on, two, three.. depending on the size of the group). Teachers assign the students the roles of the characters and the rest of the class prepare questions they would like to ask them. The students playing the role of the characters must try to put themselves into the characters´shoes and give suitable answers. Time and support must be given by the teacher to both interviewees and interviewers in order to make this successful. Depending on the book and character to be interviewed, you could imagine that the interviews are taking place in a police station, on a TV, in a famous hotel, in a big party full of famous people or simply in the character's house or wherever seems appropriate. It can also be recorded. " With a little imagination it can be a lot of fun" (L. Clanfield)
Sources of inspiration:
Conclusion:
I have already mentioned the benefits of integrating reading and creative writing. However I'd like to reinforce what other benefits I've observed (and still do ) when my students engage in projects like those mentioned above:
Students feel real and quick sense of achivement
They interact better ( using
Edmodo has helped me a lot to have my students interacting better )
The four skills are naturally integrated
It's a great opportunity to raise students´s curiosity and cultural awareness
reading and writing allow students to good range of vocabulary acquisition
And most of all, they read and write for pleasure!
All the book projects can be done electronically or not, and all the activities can be adapted accordingly.
For the written projects to be presented, students can use web tools such the ones you have just read about and some others such as
thinglink,
glogster,
smore,
prezi, or any
flipping book creator ( and many many more web tools or apps). They can also use cardboards, role play scenes of the books and / or create paper-based books.
A final reminder: It's crucial that reading and writing projects have a clear purpose, It's worth being to meet students needs but also wants as they usually don´t have the best experiences with extensive reading at school ( at least in Brazil, in most of the cases). If possible, negotiate with them what to do, what to read , what to write and how to present. You won't regret at all !
